Storage across the network with iSCSI and Synology DiskStation Manager
Across the Block
The Internet small computer systems interface (iSCSI) [1] is a block-level [2] interfacing protocol used in conjunction with any network-attached storage (NAS) unit. As the name implies, iSCSI uses the locally focused SCSI block storage protocol and adds the ability to reference resources across the network.
By issuing SCSI commands over the TCP/IP suite, iSCSI makes it possible to integrate a remote mountpoint located anywhere on the Internet, including in another time zone. The iSCSI protocol essentially lets you treat remote storage as if it were local. In other words, you can set up a storage area network (SAN) with existing resources – and without a lot of expensive equipment.
The iSCSI bus is a good fit for heavy read and write scenarios (e.g., high-availability (HA) environments). Even though iSCSI naturally inherits the flaws of TCP/IP, you can enhance the transmission capacity by adding additional network interface cards (NICs).
My Favorite Recipe
For an example of iSCSI in the real world, I will show you how to integrate a Synology DiskStation storage device with a Debian v12 "bookworm" environment. I assume you have already purchased drives and a NAS enclosure, and you already have a working Debian client system. Although this article is focused on Synology, the steps for configuring iSCSI in other environments are similar. My newly assembled test environment will be, on the server side,
- 1x Synology DiskStation DS414j
- 4x WDC WD201KRYZ
and on the client side:
- 1x Debian bookworm on a custom built system
Synology uses the proprietary DiskStation Manager (DSM) interface, which I will refer to in this article; other vendors offer similar GUI configuration tools.
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