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FreeBSD Version 10 released
News from BSD
Package Management
FreeBSD 10 has also moved to a new, previously optional, package manager [7]. The pkg
tool now replaces the tools used previously: pkg_add
, pkg_info
, and pkg_delete
.
The new package manager especially improves the resolution of dependencies that arise when an application needs other programs, libraries, or scripts. The pkg
command transfers dependency management to a SQLite database and, thus, improves speed and stability significantly.
In the future, pkg
will also process signed packages and thereby add a safety feature. However, pkg
does not to manage the ports; this is left to the portmaster
and portupgrade
tools, which reside in the /usr/ports/ports-mgmt
directory. To keep the management of ports and packages consistent, add the following line to your /etc/make.conf
file, if it does not already exist:
WITH_PKGNG=yes
Operations are simple and command-line oriented, like before. Figure 6 shows the dependencies using the portupgrade
tool.
The new package management software does not just install and uninstall applications, it also takes care of upgrades. Typing
# pkg version
retrieves a list of all packages, whereas the following command updates all outdated software, including all dependencies:
# pkg upgrade
The pkg
tool also takes care of security. The command
# pkg audit -F
displays all packages with security vulnerabilities.
Installation
Even in the new version, FreeBSD installation is still via the text interface of the bsdinstaller
tool. Text-based installation prevents potential problems with Xorg detecting the graphics hardware. The new version of bsdinstaller
lets you install the system in a ZFS pool (Figure 7), which previously involved some effort [8].
The FreeBSD default installation generally runs smoothly, both on laptops and on servers. However, the weak points still remain: support for ACPI and graphics hardware. On a laptop, you will definitely want to remove the vesa
module from the kernel; otherwise, the notebook will crash the next time it resumes.
Furthermore, the experimental installation of FreeBSD in a ZFS pool caused some trouble. A virtual machine created with VirtualBox regularly crashed or became unresponsive with this configuration in our tests.
Generally, the new version, FreeBSD 10, is still a stable and secure operating system, and it adds some useful new features. Apart from resolving the problems mentioned above, I would like to see wider hardware support, for example, in the WiFi department. That said, FreeBSD 10 is recommended because of its great quality for supported hardware.
Infos
- FreeBSD: http://www.freebsd.org/
- LLVM: http://www.llvm.org
- Clang: http://clang.llvm.org/
- Tickless kernel on FreeBSD: https://wiki.freebsd.org/SOC2009PrashantVaibhav
- Working with the graphical environment on FreeBSD: https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics
- BSD Hypervisor: http://www.bhyve.org
- Package management tool: http://www.unixmen.com/add-package-management-tool-freebsd-10/
- Root on ZFS: https://wiki.freebsd.org/RootOnZFS
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